Smith was promptly sent to London, where he held a round of inconclusive Southern Rhodesian independence talks with the new British Prime Minister, Sir Alec Douglas-Home. Such journeys, often by train, led to the emergence of the song Shosholoza. Mugabe was a key figure in the transition of Rhodesia from an African country ruled by a minority white population to the modern-day Zimbabwe. This decision, taken by Britain to preempt the possibility of open confrontation with Asian and black African leaders at the conference, deeply insulted Smith. "moonshine"). [169], Britain withdrew most of its High Commission staff from Salisbury in the days following UDI, leaving a small skeleton staff to man a "residual mission" intended to help Gibbs keep the British government informed of local happenings. [187] The country's head of state under the republican constitution was the President of Rhodesia, the first of whom was Dupont. Rights or wrongs aside, there was something splendid about the gesture. [92], Attempting to form a viable white opposition to the Rhodesian Front, the UFP resurrected itself around Welensky, renamed itself the Rhodesia Party, and entered the Arundel and Avondale by-elections that had been called for 1 October 1964. [157] British Foreign Secretary Michael Stewart stated that the United Kingdom thought that Rhodesian forces were well-equipped, well-trained and highly motivated and that an invasion would lead to "a medium sized war of uncertain duration". With the exception of reissues of "Rock Around the Clock", this would be the band's final chart hit in America! [142] "Not likely", Wilson retorted. Within a year of its 1954 release in South Africa, at least 19 cover versions of "Skokiaan" appeared. [75] Smith accepted the Cabinet's nomination to take his place. [188], State press censorship, which had been introduced on UDI, was lifted in early April 1968. [52] In the House of Commons afterwards, Butler flatly denied suggestions that he had "oiled the wheels" of Federal dissolution with secret promises to the Southern Rhodesians. [206] Since it was issued, the UDI has been recounted in scholarly literature, autobiographies of those involved in its creation, and works of fiction. However Southern Rhodesian migrant labourers moved back and forth between their home country and the mines of South Africa, located mostly around Johannesburg, making it unlikely, but not impossible, that Musarurwa's tune got influenced by a putative Zulu song. [63] But although South Africa and Portugal gave economic, military and limited political support to the post-UDI government (as did France and other nations, to a lesser extent), neither they nor any other country ever recognised Rhodesia as a de jure independent state. God save the Queen! Wilson replied that Smith should instead come to London. Specifically, it expected diplomatic recognition from South Africa and Portugal, and thought that France might recognise Rhodesia to annoy Britain and create a precedent for an independent Quebec. When the Rhodesians continued to receive oil, Wilson attempted to directly cut off their main supply lines, namely the Portuguese Mozambican ports at Beira and Lourenço Marques, by posting a Royal Navy squadron to the Mozambique Channel in March 1966. [141], -- Rhodesian journalist Phillippa Berlyn on UDI[143], Welensky, who had opposed UDI, stated that he felt it was nevertheless "the duty of every responsible Rhodesian to support the revolutionary government" as he believed the only alternative was a descent into anarchy. This combined with the colonial government's acute reluctance to hand over power to black Rhodesians—the manifestation of racial tensions, Cold War anti-communism and the fear that a Congo-style proxy war might result—to create the impression that if the UK did not grant independence, Rhodesia might be justified in taking it unilaterally. [150] Ahrn Palley, the lone white opposition MP, announced that as he saw it, "certain Honourable Members in collusion have torn up the constitution under which this House meets. [It has] marked the turning point of the struggle for freedom ... from a constitutional and political one to primarily a military struggle. After the Conservatives returned to power in Britain in 1970, provisional agreement was reached in November 1971 between the Rhodesian government and a British team headed by Douglas-Home (who was Foreign Secretary under Prime Minister Edward Heath), and in early 1972 a Royal Commission chaired by Lord Pearce travelled to Rhodesia to investigate how acceptable the proposals were to majority opinion. "Skokiaan" is a popular tune originally written by Zimbabwean musician August Musarurwa (d. 1968, usually identified as August Msarurgwa on record labels) in the tsaba-tsaba big-band style that succeeded marabi. Although the copy was cracked, Randle was so impressed by what he heard that he asked Walt McQuire of London's New York office to send him a new copy. The lyrics of the song vary, as do the transcriptions. 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