He was prominent as a publicist in the reforming age of the 19th century, and remains of lasting interest as a logician and an ethical theorist. John Stuart Mill, the eldest son of the philosopher, James Mill, was born in London on 20th May, 1806. In the following year he was introduced to political economy and studied the work of the Scottish political economist and philosopher Adam Smith and that of the English economist David Ricardo. Enjoy the best John Stuart Mill Quotes at BrainyQuote. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) is considered the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century. This new drive was perhaps triggered by the poetry he had begun reading, most notably that of William Wordsworth. John Stuart Mill, (born May 20, 1806, London, England—died May 8, 1873, Avignon, France), English philosopher, economist, and exponent of utilitarianism. Copious extracts from a diary kept at this time show how methodically he read and wrote, studied chemistry and botany, tackled advanced mathematical problems, and made notes on the scenery and the people and customs of the country. Taught Greek, Latin, and political economy at an early age, He spent his youth in the company of the Philosophic Radicals, Benthamites and utilitarians who gathered around his father James. From his earliest days he spent much time in his father’s study and habitually accompanied him on his walks. The utilitarian ethicist Jeremy Bentham was an influence in his youth. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. John Stuart Mill – Why be Moral? A struggling man of letters, James Mill wrote History of British India (1818), and the work landed him a coveted position in the East India Company, where he rose to the post of chief examiner. John Stuart Mill, English philosopher, economist, and exponent of utilitarianism. He therefore sought a philosophy that could overcome the limits imposed by culture and history (e.g., natural rights) on any possible reform movement and would advance the roles of feeling and imagination. The eldest son of economist James Mill, John Stuart Mill was educated according to the rigorous expectations of his Benthamite father. One can scarcely mention On Liberty without discussing Harriet Taylor. Mill gave a vivid and moving account of his life, and especially of his extraordinary education, in the Autobiography 1873 that he wrote towards the end of his life. John Stuart Mill was born in 1806, in London. He was taught Greek at age three and Latin at age eight. Writing of John Stuart Mill a few days after Mill’s death, Henry Sidgwick claimed, “I should say that from... 2. Mill wrote on a startling number of topics. John Stuart Mill, who has been called the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the 19th century, was a British philosopher, economist, and moral and political theorist. James Mill was born in 1773 and John Stuart Mill died in 1873. The Other Author of On Liberty. Liberal philosopher and essayist. He was prominent as a publicist in the reforming age of the 19th century and remains of lasting interest as a logician and an ethical theorist. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. It is not enough for moral theories to simply explain how things should be and then just leave it at that, there needs to be some reason for people to follow a … Primary Sources John Stuart Mill. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He was prominent as a publicist in the reforming age of the 19th century, and he remains of lasting interest as a logician and an ethical theorist. A summary of Part X (Section2) in 's John Stuart Mill (1806–1873). Mill found something of a mental balm in the verses of Wordsworth. Robson (ed. Mill, an atheist, was godfather to Bertrand Russell. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. He was the son of James Mill, a friend of Jeremy Bentham’s who shared many of his principles. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 6/John Stuart Mill Chapter 1 Introductory The subject of this Essay is not the so-called Liberty of the Will, so unfortunately opposed to the misnamed doctrine of Philosophical Ne-cessity; but Civil, or Social Liberty: the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by … The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963-. John Stuart Mill was born on May 20th, 1806, in London. He was taught Greek at age three and Latin at age eight. John Stuart Mill was born on May 20th, 1806, in London. He understood that fighting the negativity against which he was rebelling with more negativity was futile, so he allowed himself to see the good and to view the defenders of the old ways not as reactionaries but as those who have always advanced the good aspects of their generally flawed ways of thinking. Educated a home by his father, John Stuart had studied the works of Aristotle, Plato, Jeremy Bentham, Thomas Hobbes, David Ricardo and Adam Smith by the time he had reached the age of twelve.. Mill was especially impressed by the work of Jeremy Bentham. John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1873) "Born in London in 1806, son of James Mill, philosopher, economist and senior official in the East India Company. He created a great number of works which attracted remarkable public attention in the past and positive reviews even in these days. John Milton, English poet, pamphleteer, and historian, is best known for writing "Paradise Lost," widely regarded as the greatest epic poem in English. He was a delicate child, and the extraordinary education designed by his father … John Stuart Mill, the eldest son of the philosopher, James Mill, was born in London on 20th May, 1806. The duty of collecting and weighing evidence for himself was at every turn impressed upon the boy. Therefore, if society were simply to embrace acts that minimize pain and maximize happiness, the standards created would form an easily and naturally internalized code of ethics. It was likely triggered by the intense stress of his education, the continual influence of his domineering father, and other factors, but what emerged from this period is in the end more important than what caused it: Because of the depression, Mill started to rethink his entire life’s work thus far and to reformulate theories he had previously wholly embraced. Although Mill was influenced by utilitarianism, he nevertheless wrote again and again in defense of the importance of the rights of individuals—notably in defense of both suffrage for women and their equal rights in education. L’UTILITARISME UTILITARISME DE LA NORMA O REGLA S’ha de fer un estudi de les normes o regles que s’ajusten millor al principi d’utilitat o màxima felicitat. An Introduction to John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty Who is John Stuart Mill. began the study of Greek at the age of 3 and took up Latin between his seventh and In the work, Mill asserts that individuals’ opinions and behavior should enjoy free rein, whether in the face of the law or social pressure. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. From May 1820 until July 1821, Mill was in France with the family of Sir Samuel Bentham, brother of Jeremy Bentham, the English utilitarian philosopher, economist, and theoretical jurist. Utilitarianism, in normative ethics, a tradition stemming from the late 18th- and 19th-century English philosophers and economists Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill according to which an action is right if it tends to promote happiness and wrong if it tends to produce the reverse of happiness. The influence that his works exercised upon contemporary English thought can scarcely be overestimated, nor can there be any doubt about the value of the liberal and inquiring spirit with which he handled the great questions of his time. John Stuart Mill: John Stewart Mill was a philosopher, an economist, a senior official in the East India Company and a son of James Mill. Taught Greek, Latin, and political economy at an early age, He spent his youth in the company of the Philosophic Radicals, Benthamites and utilitarians who gathered around his father James. With the deaths of his two mentors, Mill discovered that he had even more intellectual freedom. 1. By his late teens, Mill spent many hours editing Jeremy Bentham’s manuscripts, and he threw himself into the work of the philosophic radicals (still guided by his father). He contributed to economics, epistemology, logic, and psychology, among other fields. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. John Stuart Mill (1806 to 1873) is best known for his writings on liberty, ethics, human rights and economics. Author of. In his Autobiography, John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) depicts his extraordi-narily rigorous early education under his father James Mill, a member of the utilitarian circle known as the “Philosophical Radicals.” At the age of fourteen, he studied chemistry, zoology, logic, and higher mathematics with Mill argues in favour of legal and social equality between men and women. ), Toronto: University of Toronto Press. John Stuart Mill was born in 1806, in London. John Stuart Mill was a 19 th Century English philosopher who was instrumental in the development of the moral theory of Utilitarianism and a political theory that’s goal was to maximize the personal liberty of all citizens. [Read More] The eldest son of economist James Mill, John Stuart Mill was educated according to the rigorous expectations of his Benthamite father. Later, he started to believe that his rigorous analytical training had weakened his capacity for emotion, that his intellect had been nurtured but his feelings had not. Two newspapers welcomed his contributions—The Traveller, edited by a friend of Bentham’s, and The Morning Chronicle, edited by his father’s friend John Black. Over the course of several months, his depression disappeared, and with it many of his former firmly held ideals. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Corrections? James intended that his son carry on the radical utilitarian empiricist tradition, and this was reflected in his upbringing: John learned Greek and arithmetic at 3, and helped to edit his father’s book (the History of India) at 11. Birthplace: Pentonville, London, England Location of death: Avignon, France Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Buried, Cimet. He also founded a number of intellectual societies and began to contribute to periodicals, including the Westminster Review (which was founded by Bentham and James Mill). Mill argues in favour of legal and social equality between men and women. He was also an outspoken feminist, publishing The Subjection of Women in … Mill, an atheist, was godfather to Bertrand Russell. The essay has been criticized for various vagaries in its arguments, but it provides an impassioned defense of nonconformity, diversity and individuality. On his return in 1821 he added to his work the study of psychology and of Roman law, which he read with John Austin, his father having half decided on the bar as the best profession open to him. He thus inevitably acquired many of his father’s speculative opinions and his father’s way of defending them. Mill seized every chance for exposing departures from sound principle in Parliament and courts of justice. (His essay called “The Subjection of Women” [1869] is an early, and at the time quite controversial, defense of gender equality, and because of it he is often considered a proto-feminist.) We strive for accuracy and fairness. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He became a leading philosopher, civil servant, and political economist. However, his most lasting influence has been through his utilitarian ethics and liberal political philosophy. Biography. John Stuart Mill, the 19th-century British philosopher and economist best known for his writings on liberalism and utilitarianism, was also an early male advocate of women’s rights and enfranchisement. In 1832, Bentham died, followed closely by James Mill in 1836. John Brown was a 19th-century militant abolitionist known for his raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859. 8/John Stuart Mill ics of Ethics, by Kant. Mill’s new path began with a struggle to revise his father’s and Bentham’s work, which he suddenly saw as limited in a number of ways. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) and what it means. John Stuart Mill (Londres, 20 de mayo de 1806-Aviñón, Francia; 8 de mayo de 1873) fue un filósofo, político y economista británico, representante de la escuela económica clásica y teórico del utilitarismo, planteamiento ético propuesto por su padrino Jeremy Bentham, que sería recogido y difundido con profusión por Mill. Quotations by John Stuart Mill, English Philosopher, Born May 20, 1806. About this gap Dunning says – “The century covered by these two lives fixes very fairly the chronological bounds within which Benthamite utilitarianism rose, flourished and passed away by absorption into later philosophic growth” . John Stuart Mill i Harriet Taylor 9. Mill came to believe that he had been emotionally stunted by his father's demanding analytical training, that his ability to feel had been compromised by the constant cultivation of his intellect, and that this emotional component was lacking from what the radical philosophers had been espousing. In 1826, Mill experienced what he would later call in his autobiography a “mental crisis,” during which he suffered a nervous breakdown marked by depression. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) "Of the Government of Dependencies by a Free State" (1862) [1: Free states may have dependencies] Free states, like all others, may possess dependencies, acquired either by conquest or by colonization, and our own is the greatest instance of the kind in modern history. John Stuart Mill, who has been called the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the 19th century, was a British philosopher, economist, and moral and political theorist. Mathematician John Venn developed George Boole's symbolic logic and is best known for Venn diagrams, which pictorially represent the relations between sets. In this video we will provide a summary of Mill’s highly influential work, On Liberty, in which he … James Mill was determined to mould John into a well‐ educated leader and an advocate of his reforming ideals. When not carrying out his administrative duties, James Mill spent considerable time educating his son John, who began to learn Greek at age three and Latin at age eight. There was a gap of a century. This perhaps led to his expansion of Bentham’s utilitarian thought, his development of the “harm theory,” and his writings in the defense of the rights of women, all of which cemented his reputation as a major thinker of his day. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) and what it means. The year 1859 marked the publication of On Liberty, Mills’ landmark work on supporting individuals' moral and economic freedom from the government and society at large. John Stuart Mill quotes to make you think about what you will be remembered for. English philosopher John Locke's works lie at the foundation of modern philosophical empiricism and political liberalism. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was the precocious child of the Philosophical Radical and Benthamite James Mill. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) and what it means. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Conclusion. The Subjection of Women is an essay by philosopher and political economist John Stuart Mill. The Subjection of Women is an essay by philosopher and political economist John Stuart Mill. In his autobiography, Mill wrote of "the importance, to man and society . The major works started to appear in 1843 with A System of Logic, Mill’s most comprehensive and systematic philosophical work, which presented Mills’ thoughts on inductive logic and the shortcomings of the use of syllogisms (arguments derived from general principles, in which two premises are used to deduce a conclusion) to advance deductive logic. He also acknowledged that while he was breaking away from Bentham, there were aspects of his mentor’s philosophy that he intended to preserve. A friend was Richard Pankhurst, the husband of suffrage activist Emmeline Pankhurst. In sum, utilitarianism as a moral philosophy rests on a single sentence: “Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.” In his book, Mill argues that utilitarianism stems from "natural" sentiments that exist organically within human beings' social nature. north-central London, the eldest of nine children of the Scottish philosopher and historian James Mill (1773 - 1836) He was the son of James Mill, a friend of Jeremy Bentham’s who shared many of his principles. Mill, John Stuart (1977 [1859]) On Liberty, in Essays on Politics and Society, Collected Works 18, J.M. James Mill was born in 1773 and John Stuart Mill died in 1873. John Stuart Mill (1806 to 1873) is best known for his writings on liberty, ethics, human rights and economics. , of giving full freedom to human nature to expand itself in innumerable and conflicting directions,” an idea fully fleshed out in On Liberty. Mill’s Utilitarianism. John Stuart Mill: Ethics 1. His childhood was not unhappy, but it was a strain on his constitution and he suffered from the lack of natural, unforced development. A proponent of social change and education reform, he founded The New School for Social Research. The impression was confirmed by the study of the English psychologists and also of two 18th-century French philosophers—Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, who was also a psychologist, and Claude-Adrien Helvétius, who was noted for his emphasis on physical sensations. By the age of 14, John was extremely well versed in the Greek and Latin classics; had studied world history, logic and mathematics; and had mastered the basics of economic theory, all of which was part of his father’s plan to make John Stuart Mill a young proponent of the views of the philosophical radicals. Soon after, in 1822–23, Mill established among a few friends the Utilitarian Society, taking the word, as he tells us, from Annals of the Parish, a novel of Scottish country life by John Galt. In 1825 he began work on an edition of Bentham’s Rationale of Judicial Evidence (5 vol., 1827). English Romantic lyric poet John Keats was dedicated to the perfection of poetry marked by vivid imagery that expressed a philosophy through classical legend. In fact, he was so famous and dedicated to his work that he has been referred to … Robson (ed. On Liberty, John Stuart Mill) Given the ubiquity of state tyranny in the 20th century and the threats to liberty that loom over us today, Mill’s prediction seems to have come true. Mill’s arguments for freedom of thought and discussion, for liberty of tastes and pursuits, and for limits on the authority of society are often repeated in contemporary debates regarding freedom of speech and association. In the Introductory section of his great work On Liberty Mill states clearly the limits to state power over the liberty of the individual:. Educator John Dewey originated the experimentalism philosophy. English philosopher and economist John Stuart Mill was born in his father’s house in Pentonville, London, on May 20, 1806. He was acquainted with the satirist Lucian, the historian of philosophy Diogenes Laërtius, the Athenian writer and educational theorist Isocrates, and six dialogues of Plato. I. John Stuart Mill was born on 20th May 1806. Her extant corpus of writing can be found in The Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was the precocious child of the Philosophical Radical and Benthamite James Mill. Introductory Remarks Mill tells us in his Autobiography that the “little work with the name” Utilitarianism arose... 2. In 1823, his father secured him a junior position in the East India Company, and he, like his father before him, rose in the ranks, eventually taking his father's position of chief examiner. ), Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Mill’s belief that the majority often denies individual liberties drove his interest in social reform, and he was a strident activist on behalf of political reforms, labor unions and farm cooperatives. Omissions? He has been called "the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the 19th century” and is remembered as one of history’s great thinkers in regard to social and political theory. John Stuart Mill (180 - 1873) was the most influential English language philosopher of the nineteenth century. Updates? James Mill was the friend of Bentham and father of J. S. Mill. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. Another outlet was opened up for him (April 1824) with the founding of the Westminster Review, which was the organ of the philosophical radicals. He writes that ‘the legal subordination of one sex to the other’ is ‘wrong in itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement’ (p. 1). John Stuart Mill ( British philosopher, economist, and liberal member of Parliament for Westminster from 1865 to 68 )” ― John Stuart Mill tags: altruism, conservative, liberal, libertarian, politics, progressive, selfishness. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. 1 A friend was Richard Pankhurst, the husband of suffrage activist Emmeline Pankhurst. He advanced in his endeavor by immersing himself in the writings of a wide variety of thinkers (and corresponding with many as well), including John Ruskin, Auguste Comte and Alexis de Tocqueville, and editing a new journal that he co-founded with his father and Charles Molesworth, the London Review. Works. By his eighth year he had read in the original Greek Aesop’s Fables, Xenophon’s Anabasis, and the whole of the historian Herodotus. It is a most important question how such dependencies ought to be governed. Mill must have considered his own role in advancing his formerly held beliefs, as he did not abandon Bentham’s utilitarianism entirely, but now centered his thoughts on its “positive” elements instead of attacking it critically and destructively; he focused on how its best parts could be used constructively in the creation of a new society. Mill established this rule over English thought through his writings in logic, epistemology, economics, social and political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, religion, and current aff… John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), one of the most influential philosophers of the nineteenth century, became a guiding light for modern liberalism and individual liberty. Though Mill accepts the utilitarian legacy of the Radicals, he transforms that … James Mill was the friend of Bentham and father of J. S. Mill. John Stuart Mill was a 19 th Century English philosopher who was instrumental in the development of the moral theory of Utilitarianism and a political theory that’s goal was to maximize the personal liberty of all citizens. John Stuart Mill. Share with your friends. In 1861, Utilitarianism first began appearing in serialized form in Fraser’s Magazine. Mill’s Theory of Value and the Principle of Utility Mill defines “utilitarianism” as the creed that considers a... 3. After a short probation he was promoted in 1828 to assistant examiner. This article advocates employing John Stuart Mill's harm principle to set the boundary for unregulated free speech, and his Greatest Happiness Principle to regulate speech outside that boundary because it threatens unconsented-to harm. His main reading was still history, but he went through all the Latin and Greek authors commonly read in the schools and universities and, by the age of 10 could read Plato and the Athenian statesman Demosthenes with ease. He used that freedom to create a new philosophic radicalism incorporating the ideas of thinkers such as Coleridge and Thomas Carlyle. About the age of 12, he began a thorough study of Scholastic logic, at the same time reading Aristotle’s logical treatises in the original. This remarkable man, whose system of thought will long remain one of the landmarks in the history of philosophical speculation, does, in the treatise in question, lay down a universal first principle as the origin and ground of moral obligation; it is this: “So act, concerned with the status of women in society, and he campaigned energetically to further the cause of equality between the sexes. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. By the time he reached young adulthood John Stuart Mill was a formidable intellectual, albeit an emotionally depressed one. John stuart mill 1. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, economist, and exponent of utilitarianism. Perhaps as a segue into Mill’s Utilitarianism, which would follow four years later, Mill makes one concession: If a person's behavior harms other people, that behavior should be constrained. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Fascist politics exploits freedom of speech for authoritarian ends. He took part eagerly in discussions with the many individuals of distinction who came to his father’s house and engaged in set discussions at a reading society formed at the home of English historian George Grote in 1825 and in debates at the London Debating Society, formed in the same year. At the age of eight he started Latin, the geometry of Euclid, and algebra and began to teach the younger children of the family. . By the time he reached young adulthood John Stuart Mill was a formidable intellectual, albeit an emotionally depressed one. This intention, however, was abandoned, and in 1823, when he had just completed his 17th year, he entered the examiner’s office of the India House. While the training the younger Mill received has aroused amazement and criticism, its most important aspect was the close association it fostered with the strenuous character and vigorous intellect of his father. Primary Sources John Stuart Mill. Naturalist, writer and advocate of U.S. forest conservation, John Muir founded the Sierra Club and helped establish Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks. Several pieces can also be found in The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill… Read more quotes from John Stuart Mill. Perhaps philosophy’s most famous defense of the freedom of speech was articulated by John Stuart Mill, who defended the ideal in his 1859 work, On Liberty. 1 He defended the freedom of individuals against absolute state power. A summary of Part X (Section3) in 's John Stuart Mill (1806–1873). In this article, the author wants to clarify J. S. Mill’s education and self-education process during his childhood with his views on education. About this gap Dunning says – “The century covered by these two lives fixes very fairly the chronological bounds within which Benthamite utilitarianism rose, flourished and passed away by absorption into later philosophic growth” . He was educated exclusively by his father, who was a strict disciplinarian. THE subject of this Essay is not the so-called Liberty of the Will, so unfortunately opposed to the misnamed doctrine of Philosophical Necessity; but Civil, or Social Liberty: the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual. English language agreeing to news, offers, and quizzes, as well as for lesson! On Harpers Ferry in 1859 to revise the article the freedom of Speech from Boston review perhaps! Eldest son of economist James Mill, English philosopher, civil servant, and quizzes, as well as writing! Life, philosophy, and exponent of utilitarianism opinions and his father John is... A summary of Part X ( Section3 ) in 's John Stuart Mill, eldest... Courts of justice writings on liberty who is John Stuart Mill was one of the philosopher, servant. Poetry marked by vivid imagery that expressed a philosophy through classical legend foundation modern. 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